TYPE OF CRYSTAL IN 3D ANIMATION EXPLAIN :- 2) 14 BRAVIS LATTICES ANIMATION:-
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ENGINEERING DRAWING (CHAPTER 12)
๐ ENGINEERING DRAWING Chapter 12 – Isometric Projection 12.1 Introduction In orthographic projection, we need multiple views (FV, TV, SV) to represent an object. But sometimes we need a single pictorial view that shows the 3D appearance . This is achieved by Isometric Projection . ๐ “Isometric” = equal measure (from Greek iso = equal, metron = measure). 12.2 Principle of Isometric Projection Object is imagined inside a transparent cube . Cube is tilted so that one of its body diagonals is perpendicular to the plane of projection. As a result: All three principal axes (X, Y, Z) are equally inclined (120° apart) . Scale along each axis is equally reduced (isometric scale) . 12.3 Isometric Axes and Planes Isometric Axes → Three lines meeting at a point at 120° angles . One vertical, two inclined at 30° to horizontal. Isometric Planes → Planes formed by any two isometric axes. They appear as parallelograms instead of squares....
ENGINEERING DRAWING (CHAPTER -11)
๐ ENGINEERING DRAWING Chapter 11 – Development of Surfaces 11.1 Introduction Development of a surface means unfolding or spreading out the surface of a 3D solid on a 2D plane . This gives the true size and shape of every face of the solid. It is essential in sheet-metal work (fabrication of pipes, hoppers, tanks, ducts, chimneys). Example: A cylinder can be developed into a rectangle . A cone can be developed into a sector of a circle . 11.2 Methods of Development Parallel Line Method Used for prisms and cylinders (since their sides are parallel). Radial Line Method Used for pyramids and cones (since their faces meet at a point). Triangulation Method Used for transition pieces (objects connecting different shapes, like square-to-round ducts). 11.3 Development of Specific Solids (A) Cube Development = 6 equal squares arranged in the shape of a cross . Applications: Packaging boxes. (B) Prism Example: Hexago...
ENGINEERING DRAWING (CHAPTER -10)
๐ ENGINEERING DRAWING Chapter 10 – Section of Solids 10.1 Introduction In many cases, the inside details of an object cannot be understood from external views alone. To solve this, we imagine the object is cut by a plane (called section plane ) and then we project the cut surface. This method is called a sectional view . ๐ Sectional views are widely used in machine drawing, building drawing, and design drawings . 10.2 Section Planes (A) Definition A section plane (SP) is an imaginary plane that cuts through a solid. The intersection of SP and the solid is called the section . The shape of the section depends on the orientation of the cutting plane. (B) Representation Section plane is shown by a thin chain line with thick ends, often labeled as SP . Arrowheads on SP show the direction of viewing . 10.3 Types of Section Planes Section Plane Perpendicular to HP, Parallel to VP Cuts vertically → FV shows true shape of section. Se...